The Knowledge Tree

The term  diabetes is derived from Latin word (Greek) and meaning is "to go through" refering to large amount of urine produced by kidneys. The term diabetes mellitus , the mellitus in Latin, meaning "Sweet". Diabetes mellitus causes high blood glucose levels and glucose eventually spills into urine  When we hear the word diabetes, first thought is likely about to have high blood sugar. Blood sugar is an often underestimated component of  health. With over a time it could develop into diabetes. Diabetes affects body's ability to produce or use insulin, a hormone that allows your body to turn glucose (sugar) into energy.  Diabetes complications  Diabetes can be effectively managed when caught early. However, when left untreated it can lead to potential complications that include. Diabetes and coronary heart disease are closely related.  A relatively common complication of diabetic retinopathy  Kidney disease as a result of diabetes known as diabetic ne...

Human Brain  The brain is the most important organ in human body. We know that it controls and coordinates actions and reactions. Brain allows to think and feel, and enables us to have memories and feelings all the things that make us human. Since brain controls vital functions such as breathing, swallowing, digestion, eyes movement and heartbeat, there can be no life without brain. The human brain is the command center for human nervous system. It receives signals from the body's sensory organs and outputs information to the muscles. The human brain has the same basic structure as other mammal brains but is the larger in relation to body size than any other brains  Facts about Brain  The human brain is the largest brain of all vertebrates relative to body size  It weight about 1.5 kilograms  The average male has a brain volume of 1,274 cubic centimetre  The average female has brain volume of 1,131 cubic centimetre The brain makes up about 2% of a human bod...

Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism results from under section of the thyroid gland Click here to know more Thyroid gland and Regulation of Thyroid hormones Hypothyroidism is classified as follows  Primary hypothyroidism: Failure of thyroid gland  Secondary hypothyroidism: Due to pituitary failure  Tertiary hypothyroidism: Due to hypothalamic failure  Causes of Hypothyroidism Worldwide, hypothyroidism resulting from iodine deficiency remains an all too common problem  In non-endemic areas or Iodine sufficient areas, Hishimoto thyroiditis, a choronic autoimmune disease, is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism  Other causes are  Surgical removal of the thyroid gland  Thyroid gland ablation with radioactive iodine  A biosynthetic defect in iodine organification  Replacement of the thyroid gland by tumor  Drugs such as lithium or interferon  Pituitary and hypothalamic disease  Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Hashimoto's thyroidit...

 Thyroid gland  The thyroid gland is butterfly shaped gland that overlaps the trachea in front of neck. It consists of the two lobes connected by bride of tissue called as the thyroid isthmus. The normal thyroid is 12-20g in size and contains large amount of glycoprotein, thyroglobulin  Function of Thyroid Gland  The normal Thyroid is 12-20 in size and contains large amount of a glycoprotein, thyroglobulin.   The thyroid gland consists of many closely packed spherical follicles filled with colloid, a proteinaceous material composed mainly of thyroglobulin and stores thyroid hormone.  Secrete thyroid hormones, which maintain metabolism in tissue  Secrete calcitonin, a hormone that regulates circulating calcium levels.  Absorb iodine  Synthesize Thyroglobulin. Thyroglobulin (Tg)  Thyroglobulin (Tg) a glycoprotein, is synthesized by the thyroid cells and stored in the follicles  Tg contain tyrosine residues, protein precursor of t...

The liver is a large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly. Liver weighing about 3 pounds, liver is reddish brown in color. The liver has two larger section, called the right and left lobes. The gallbladder sits under liver, along with parts of pancreas and Intestines. The liver and these organs work together to digest, absorb, and process food  The liver is only argan that can regenerate itself, thus making it possible for one person to donate part of their liver to anther person  To give an idea of liver functions here is a partial list  Cleanses blood  Metabolising alcohol and other drugs and chemicals  Neutralizing and destroying poisonous substance  Regulates the supply of body fuel  Producing, storing and exporting fat  Producing, storing and supplying quick energy (glucose) to keep the mind alert and body active  Regulates the balance of many hormones  Thyroid hormones,  Cortisone and other adrenal hormones...

Coronavirus causes the COVID-19 disease that leads to the global pandemic, COVID-19 known to damage the lungs. Researchers are finding that this coronavirus officially called SARS-COV-2 can also cause severe and lasting harm in other organs, including heart and kidney.  Kidneys The kidneys are a pair of bean- shaped organ on either side of spline, below ribs and behind belly. Each kidney is about 4 or 5 inch long, roughly size of a fist.  The kidneys job to filter body blood. They remove waste, control the body's fluid balance, and keep the right levels of electrolytes. All of the blood in body passes through them several times a day.  Blood comes into the kidney, waste gets removed, salt, water, and minerals are adjusted, if needed. The filtered blood goes back into body. Waste get tern into urine. Which collects into kidney's pelvis a funnel shaped structure that drains down a tube called the ureter to bladder  Each kidney has around a million tiny filter called ne...